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It seemed, therefore, useless to pursue the matter further, until more is known of the reasons why the insulation of a vacuum breaks down. This shows that, even if perseverance had been rewarded by greater success, technical difficulties, accentuated by every effort to improve the insulation, would probably have prevented the practical application of the method. But few experiments were completed, and many failed as the result of accident. It was found that high potentials were readily obtained, but the attempt to attain to a million volts tailed through the difficulties of insulation encountered. The present note deals with experiments made to test whether this method were practicable. If the source of radiation were perfectly insulated its potential would rise until the swiftest β-particles could no longer escape.
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It was thought that this difficulty might possibly be overcome by using the active material itself in order to produce the high potential according to the principle employed in Strutt's radium clock. Unfortunately, more than a million volts would be necessary to stop the fastest β-particles, and no method is at present known of maintaining such a high potential in vacuo. Theoretically both the energies and distribution of the particles could be directly measured by giving a gradually increasing positive charge to the source of radiation for, when the potential of the source is +V, electrons possessing energy less than eV will be drawn back to the source of radiation. Calculation of the energy of a β-particle from observation of its deflection in a magnetic field involves assumptions which are as yet insufficiently supported by experiment. The original aim of the work described in this note was to measure the energy and numerical importance of each of the many distinct kinds of β-particles emitted by a single radioactive substance.
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